Who Owns the San Blas Islands? Exploring Guna Yala Indigenous Autonomy

Although officially part of the Republic of Panama, the San Blas archipelago functions as a semi-autonomous indigenous territory governed by the Guna Yala General Congress. Under Panamanian law established following the 1925 Guna Revolution, outside individuals are legally prohibited from purchasing or leasing land in the region. Tourism is strictly managed under communal rules to protect ecological systems and sustain traditional ways of life. Travelers must coordinate visits through authorized community operators, ensuring that economic benefits flow directly back into indigenous hands.